Vapor burner



F. L. KOHLHASE. VAPOR BURNER'.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22, i920.

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FRANK L. KOHLI-IASE, OF CHICAGO', ILLINOIS.

VAPOR BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 9, 1922.

Application filed September 22, 1920.l ySerial No. 411,939.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that.y l, FRANK L. KoHLHAsE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago` in the county of Cook and fit-ate of lllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vapor Burners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings', and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in vapor burners, and refers more particularly to that type of burner that is designed to use a. liquid fuel which, upon vaporization and mixture with air, produces a fuel that can be burned in a burner having a mantle to provide a high power light, such, for instance, as a lantern, a tablelamp, and the like.

Among the objects of the invention is to provide an exceedingly simple, relatively light, burner struct-ure which can be rigidly supported at the top of the illuminating chamber, in connection with a vaporizing tube which receives liquid fuel from a fuel source and delivers vapor derived therefrom hy heat to the mixing tube of the burner, together with means whereby the vaporizing tube can be heated by a match in a simple way to start the burner.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel form of burner of this type, in which a small light gauge vaporizer tube disposed substantially. in the axis of the lamp and used to conduct the. liquid from the font and deliver the vapor directly to the burner. may be so arranged that the heat of an ordinary match applied directly to this tube is suiiicient to vaporize the liquid fuel.

Another object of the invention is to so support a burner structure, having novel means of a character to effectively apply the flame of a match to the vaporizing tube to quickly vaporize the fuel and deliver it to the mixing tube of the burner in such a way that the burner support and vaporizing tube cast a minimum shadow'.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel fuel conducting and vaporiaei rileliveryA tube. y

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel means to connect, and to provide a liquid tight joint between, the lower end of the fuel conducting and vaporizer tube and the nipple which rises from and oommunicates with the interior of the font.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved 'construction at the discharge end of the vaporizing tube which is arranged to facilitate access to the minute nozzle of the tube for the purpose of cleaning the nozzle.

.Another object of the invention is to provide a novel supporting means, arranged at the top of the burner, for supporting the upper lamp or globe supporting means constructed also in a way to carry the weight of the lantern therefrom.

A further object of the invention is to provide a globe or chimney support to receive the bottom of the globe and novel means of fastening it to the font.

A further object of the invention is to provide, in connection with the means for affording access to the vaporizer tube for the purpose of cleaning the same, novel means for admitting air to the mixing tube.

Other objects of the invention are to improve and simplify vapor burners of the type referred to, and the invention consists in the combination and arrangement of the parts shown in the drawings and described in the specification, and is pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings;

Figure 1 is an axial view, partly in section, of a lanternembodying my invention.

Figure 2 is an axial section of the burner, detached, in a plane at right langlesto the plane shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a detail view as seen from the line 3-3 on Figure 1.

The invention is herein shown asadapted to an ordinary lantern having a font 10, a chimney or globe 11, and an upper perforated collar 12, outwardly through which the i piece of sheet metal and are clamped on the top of the font by means hereinafter described.

rllhe upper end of the chimney or globe is supported by a ring-like member or collar that is provided with a down-turned flange 16 to receive and hold the globe centrally with respect to the axis of the lamp. Said ring support 15 is tapered inwardly and upwardly at its upper end at 17 and is provided with an inturned flange 18, upon which the perforated collar 12 is supported by means ofa downwardly facing shoulder 19, which is formed with a reverse curve of the metal of the collar, the lower terminal of the curve 20 being turned outwardly beneath the upper flange 18 of the conical end of the ring structure tofbind itand the collar firmly together. The said collar 12 is turned` in'at its top to form an inner annular vange 21'.

The collar 12supports. a canopy 22 which is enlarged to form a downturned flange 23 that extends a distance radially beyond the upper end of said collar. rlhe said canopy 22 is fixed to the top of the collar 12by means mad-e as follows: v f

Located within said .collar and underlappingat its margin the upper flange ofthe collar is a centrally apertured plate 23. The canopy and flange v2l is likewise centrally aperturedl and it andthe plate 23 are fixed together by means of a hollow bushing 24E that is upset at its upper and lower ends, one over and the other beneath, respectively,said canopy and plate 23', thereby rigidlyfixing the canopy tothe apertured collar through vthe plate 23 and the flange. 21. The said canopy is formed'with a horizontal 4annular surface 25 that seats against the inturned upper flange of the collar 12, and thereby assists in centralizing the parts. The construction described provides simple means to form the different parts and' to them rigidly together.

The said canopy,'the collar, and ring-like globe support are removably connected to the upper end of a burner structure, designated as a whole/by 25 through the medium of a threaded stem 26 that extends through the bushing 211 and is threaded at its lower end axially into an upstanding lug 27 of the burner structure. A vnut 27is threaded to the upper end ofthe stem, to which is attached a swinging eye piece and the lower face of the nut 2T bears against' the upper turned-over edge of the bushing 24. `YVhen the bushing 24; is released from the upstand ing stem 26, the connected canopy, collar and globe supporting ring may be removedl upwardly away from the globe, so as to expose the burner structure, which .will now be more fully described. The thread of the screw stem. is cut away or interrupted on opposite sides of the stem 26, so that a half turn of the nut 27, likewise threaded, will.

ychamber is provided with diametrically disposed parallel downturned portions or nipples 30, into which are screwed the upper ends of burner tubes 31, the lower ends of which carry the usualY refractoryv mantles 32-- The burner is herein shown as ofthe twin type but may, so far as the broader phasesof' the invention are concerned, take the form, with simple changes, ofy a single burneremploying a single burner tube and mantle.. p

In the said burner hereiny shown, and as preferably constructed, the transverse and vertical mixing passages29, 28', respectively, may be formed as an integral casting to constitute, together with a collar 28 the mixingchamber of the burner, said collar 28 having a horizontal axis and made integral with the lower end of the mixing tube 28. The burner tubes 31 can be made separate from the integral casting and threadedinto the ends of the horizontal or transverse mixing passage 29.

- rllhe burner is supported 'from the lower globeholder through the medium of a cross bar 35 that extends diametrically across the upper part of the lantern and is supported at its ends'on the upper ends of two or more posts or standards 36 which rise from andl are secured to the rim of the lower globe holder bythe clamping nuts 37 or in any other suitable manner like clamping nuts 38 beingy employed at the upper ends of the posts 36 to fix the posts to the cross bar 'Ehe means for fastening the burner structure to the supporti-ng bar 35 comprises a headed vertical bushing 10 which extends upwardly through a central opening in the supporti-ng cross bar 35 and is threaded into afboss or enlargement of the collar 28" the bushing heilig formed on its lower end with a polygonal head by which it may be turned: 115 into and out of place. lVith this construction itwill be noted that the cast parts of the burner structure are very rigidly connected to the supporting structure beneath and it will' also be observed that the con- 120 nections which extend from the top to the bottom of the lantern (the posts 36) can be made small, so that they will cast little or no shadow.

A small vaporizing tube i-2, of thin gauge, 12.3

extends upwardly from a valve nipple 43 that is in the center of the top wall of the font l0 and is secured thereto by its screw threaded lower end 44 which is threaded into a nut l5 which may be fixed in any 130 suitable manner to the top wall of the font. A feed pipe 46 extends from said nipple to the botto-m of the font and is preferably bevel cut so that it can reach to the bottom of the font without likelihood of the pipe beingclogged. The threaded portion 44 of the nipple also extends through analigned opening in the bottom plate of the `globe holder 13 and said top font wall and the bottom wall 48 of the globe holder can be clamped togethery between nuts on the lower threaded end of the nipple 43, one fixed to the top wall of the font and the other 46 threaded to the nipple or made part thereof. The globe holder may have a concentric rim 5l to seat on the font to aid in stabilizing and strengthening the parts. The turning of the font and, therefore, the nut 45 fixed thereto tightens and relieves the clamping action of the nuts,- so that the nuts on the threaded' lower end of the nipple constitutes a simple means of yieldingly pressing the parts together and holding them in relatively fixed relation and the lnipple to the font. l

The interior of the nipple 43 is provided with any suitable valve passage and seat that cooperates with a needle valve carried on a stem 52 which is mounted to rotate in a right angle extension 58 of the nipple, these parts being of any known construction.

The vaporizing tube enters loosely at its upper end a conical, downwardly directed opening 60 in the hollow bushing 40. The upper end of. the tube extends a vdistance above the floor of the collar 28 of the burner structure, and the tube is adapted to be detached at its lower end from the nipple 43, so that when so detached the vaporizing tube may be allowed to slipupwardly into the burner. collar and then be tilted at its lower end away from the axis of the nipple, due to the conical opening 60, whereupon the vaporizer tubevmay be pulled away from the bushing, thereby allowing the vaporizing tube to be removed from the lantern. Such removal of the vaporizing tube is effected in a plane at a right angle to a'plane passed through the burner tubes and mantles.

1n orderl to fasten the lowerend of the vapor tube to the nipple to provide a liquid tightk joint, the lower end of the vaporizing tube is formed with an enlargement 61 havu ing a downwardly facing conical seat that enters a like upwardly opening seat in the nipple and with an upwardly facing shoulder 62. The parts are removably attached together by a coupling nut 63 having an apertured top through which the vaporizing tube extends and forming a downwardly facing seat to engage the upwardly facing shoulder 62 on the conical enlargement 6l, so arranged that when the nut is screwed down on the threaded portion 64 of the nipple, the conical seats are pressed together to avoid leakage of fiuid between the internally eoned threaded end of the nipple and the conical lower end of the vaporizing tube; and the seating movement of the coupling nut is arrested when the conical parts are wedged together.

Said vaporizing tube lies between the burner tubes and their mantles, so that after the burner operation has been once established, pressure applied to the fuel in a known manner, the fuel is, by the heat of the adjacent burner tube, and their mantles, maintained het enough to vaporize the liquid fuel during the continuous operations of the burner. 1n order that the burner may be started with the small amount of heat that can be furnished by an ordinary match, the said tube isprovided with a flame arrester and concentrater 66 which preferably surrounds said tube, and, as herein shown, is of generally hollow concavo-convex form, with the open concave side facing downwardly and with the upper side rigidly attached to the tube 42 in heat conducting relation to the tube. The said element 6G is made of relatively thin metal, and maini tains good heating conducting relation to the tube, so that it not only arrests the flame and concentrates it on the thin tube, but actively heats the tube by thermally conducting heat, derived from the match flame, to the tube. rlthe function of the flame arrester relement 66 is to arrest the flame of match and to throw the flame inwardly against the outer wall of that part of the tube which is surrounded by the'arrester 66, so as to localize the heatl of the match flame against this part of the thin gauge tube in a way that will rapidly heat the tube to permit rapid vaporization of the liquid fluid, the vapor passing into the collar 28 of the burner structure. 1f desired, there be one or more small openings 67 at the top of the conical flame arrester and very near the tube 42 and of such size and direction as to establish a slight upward circulation. of the match flame, which circulation will tend to draw all of the flame into the arrester and around the tube in the event the volume of the match llame` or a tending to' deflect it by wind pressure, should be such as to tend to cause some of the flame to escape past the lower edges and be lost for useful function.

ASaid arrester., in addition to its function of confining the match flame about and against the tube within the operative confines of the flame arrester has the further function of carrying by conduction the temperature imparted to the met-al of the arrester to the metal of that part of the tube to which it is connected. 1t has been found in practice, with the construction described, that by the use of a single match the iuid fuel can be vaporized in a period of less than one half minute to start the burner in operation, and after the vaporization of the liquid fuel has begun, the heat generated at the mantles and in the burner .tubes maintains the temperaturevof the liquid fuel in tube of large volume can be thus arranged in connection. with the burner and can be so located as to not be unsightly, not toy take up otherwise valuable space in the burner, nor in any way does said tube effect the casting of a shadow from the burner flame.

By reason of the arrangement of the air tubes 70, wherein it can be set into the rather narrow collar 28, it becomes possible to provide the side of the collar E28 opposite tothe air tube 70 with an opening that is normally closed by a swinging door 72. llVhen the top structure is removed, which can be effected by relieving the nut 27 and pulling the bushing 2d over the threaded stem 26, said door 72 may be swung on its hinges, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 3,

y andconvenient access may be had to the fine tube, so as to clear said nozzle.

opening in the nozzle of the vaporizing lt will be observed by inspection of' 'Figure l that the opening of thecollar 28 is located closely to the nozzleof the vaporizing tube and dislodgement of carbon from the nozzle may be effected by an L-shaped rod having a fine prodding point at one end ofv its shank, and. that a substantial length of this sharp prodding operative portion of the instrument or tool is made possible.

ln order to prevent the heatot the fuel whichy tends to be cast downwardly by the combustion within the mantles from unduly heating the flattened portion of the lower globe support and the top of the font, there is provided a shield 78 which comprises a plate having formed at its top a downturned inner tubular threaded stem 79v which threads over the upper screw threaded portion of the nipple. rlhe shield curves downwardly and outwardly from its attachment to the nipple in an outward direction to practically fill the lower globe supporting collar above the valve stem guide 53 therein. rlhe presence of this shield has the further effect of maintaining the shield cooled by air which enters the collar through its lower perforations. This cooling effect has also the function of neutralizing the upper heat thrown down on the shield. The-result is that the valved portion of the nipple and the upper part of the fontare maintained. reasonably and vpermiss'ibly cool.

In the` construction described, it will be noted that the posts or rods 36 support the burner structure in a very stable and unobtrusive manner, having the effect to cast a minimum shadow from the light rays, and when used in connection with the typev of globe shown, said supporting standards or posts are scarcely visible. It lwill furthermore be observed that by the use of the single element at the center of the lamp, towit the vaporizing tube and -its flame arrester, the lanternA presents a very attractive appearance with exceedingly simple light obstructing elementsto east a shadow. It will' further be observed that with the construction shown, said vaporizing tube is not called upon to support'any part of the su-` perstructure, and can be-made of thin gauge"- metal and be maintained free from heat conducting relation to the burner structure.

lt will be furthermore-noted that lthe cone shape of the-arrester produces an important effect, aside from its arresting function in that it serves to concentrate the flame against the vaporizing tubeand thereby concentrates the effect of the temperature of the flame ini a restricted zone of the vaporizer pipe. Thereby the concentrating effect is employed to its maximum power in a small zone sol as to quickly heat the metal ofthe'tube and the liquid fuel within to start the burner in operation. l

The flame arrester may be reached through an opening in the metal part 8O of the globe, which opening can be closed eitherby a swinging or sliding door 81. In some forms of structure a wide segment ofthe globe, from top to'bottom thereof, may constitute a portion of the globe, the metal portion constituting a reflector to throw the rays outwardly. y

l claim as my invention.:

l.` Ina match lighter vapor burner, a

burner structure, anda thin'gauge-,vaporizer tube adapted tol extend from a fuel supply source to said burner structure and provided between its ends with a heat conducting flame arrester which surrounds and -is in contact ywith said tube. y A

2. ln a match lighter vapor burner, a burner structure, and a thin gauge vaporizer tubeadapted to extend from a fuel supply sourcev to said burner structure and provided between its ends at a straight portion ofy said tube with an exterior thin gauge flame arrester Asupported in heat conductingl relation thereto and disposed inl a plane transverse to the axis of the tube.

3. ln a match lighter vapor burner, a

burner structure, and a vaporizer tube adapted to extend from a fuel supply source to said burner structure and provided between its ends with a surrounding, thin gauge, fiaring, heat conducting, concentrating flame arrester in contact at its smaller end with the tube and supported thereon.

e. 1n a match lighter vapor burner, a burner structure having means to admit air thereto, a thin gauge vaporizer tube adapted to extend from a fuel supply source tov the burnerstructure to supply vapor thereto, and provided between its ends with a surrounding, thin gauge, heat conducting, downwardly'opening, cone-like, match flame arrester supported at its smaller end in contact with and by the wall of said tube.

5. A match lighter vaporyburner, comprising a burner structure, a liquid fuel font, a thin gauge vaporizer tube extending from said font to the burner and provided between its ends,.below the burner structure, with a thin gauge, downwardly opening, cone-like flame arrester concentric to and attached at its small end to the tube. 'y

6. A thin gauge vaporizer tube for vapor burners comprising a straight, thin wall tube having at one end a restricted outlet nozzle, and at its other end the packing member of a liquid tight joint, and provided between its end with a downwardly and outwardly, flaring, heat conducting, thin gauge, concentrating, flame arrester attached at its upper end by a heat conducting jointto the tube wall. i

k7. A vapor lamp comprising a font, a burner thereabove provided with a depending burner tube adapted at its lower end to support a mantle, and a vaporizer tube extending from the font and entering the mixing chamber of the burner, said tube being of thin gauge material, and having between its ends below the mixing chamber of the burner a thin gauge, downwardly opening flame arrester in heat conducting contact with and supported on the tube wall in its straight portion for directing the flame of a match held beneath the same inwardly against the exterior wall of the tube yand against the under face of said arrester,

8. A vapor lamp comprising a font, a burner structure above the font embracing mixing chamber and a burner tube,an air pipe connected to and delivering air to said mixing chamber, means to supply vaporized liquid fuel to said mixing chamber, a chimney support axially mounted on said font, posts fixed to said chimney support at the outer margins thereof,and a cross member extending across and supported at its ends on said posts, said posts and cross, member constituting the sole support for said burner structure. y y

9. Inra vapor lamp, the combination with a font, a support fixed axially thereto, diametrically opposed posts fixed to said support at its margin, a cross member fixed to the upper ends of said posts, a burner structure having a mixing chamber supported above and solely on said cross bar, an air pipe connecting` to said mixing chamber, and means for supplying a vaporized liquid fuel to said mixing chamber, comprising a thin gauge, non-supporting vaporizing tube connected to said font and arranged axially of the lamp structure and loosely connected to said mixing Chamber, and provided between its ends with match starting means to vaporize the liquid fuel in said tube.

10..,1n a vapor lamp, the combination with a font, av chimney support fixed axially thereto, diametrically opposed posts fixed to said support,y a 'cross bar fixed to vthe upper endsof said posts, a burner structure having a mixing chamber supported on said cross bar, an air pipe connected to said mixing chamber, a liquid fuel conducting, thin gauge tube e'xtfending'from the font to'said mixing chamber `and arranged axially of the structure, and a cone-like member., surrounding said tube and fixed thereto in'heat conducting relation at its smaller end4 and opendownwardlyat its larger end.

11. A vapor lampcomprising a font, a globe support fixed centrally on the font, an upper globe holder, posts extending upward'- ly from and fixed directly to the lower globe support, a cross connection between and supported onsaid posts, a burner structure supported solely by said cross connection, a non-supporting thin gauge vaporizer tube extending ibetween said font and the burner structure` and loosely connected to the mixW ing chamber of the burner structure and a thin gauge, heat conducting, downwardly opening, match iiame arrester and concentrator surrounding and supported on said tube'below said burner structure.

12. A vapor lamp comprising a font, an annular globe support fixed centrally on the font, an upper globe holder. posts extending upwardly yfrom the margin of the lower globe support, a cross bar extending between and supported on said pests, a burner structure having a mixing chamber above. and supported on said cross bar, whereby said cross barconstitutes `the sole support for the burner, andmeansto supply air and vaporized fuel to said mixing` chamber, said vaporizedfuel supply means embracing a central., non supporting, thin gauge `vaporizer tube extending from the font to the mixing chamber of the burner, and a flame arrester surrounding the vaporizer tube and formed to arrestand concentrate the flame of a match inwardly against said tube.

- 18'. lA vapor, lampv comprising a font, a globev supporton the font, and having a rim p oltene Surpoltthe globalen ,iiprerslbe iso holder, lposts extending upwardly from said rim portion, across 'bar extending across the globe and supported on the upper ends of said posts, a burner-structure supported on said bar "embracing a lower inlet chamber and an -upstanding mixing tube with a globe support thereon, an upper globevh'older,

a cross barext'ending across the lglobe and having means to supportit onthe globe support, a burner structure supported onl vSaid bar and attached thereto lby a hollow bushing that communicates with the burner mixing chamber, and a .vaporizing tubeconnected -with the font andentering said bushing.

15. A vapor lamp comprising affo'nt, 'a globe support thereon, an'up"pe1}glolo e holder, a cross bar extending across 'theglobe'a'nd having vmeans to support it Ion the globe support, :a burner structure `'supported on `said bar and attached 'thereto 'by la hollow bushing that'communicates with the burner mixing chamber, and a vaporizing tube connected with ythe font and loosely entering said bushing, said tube 'being detachablyfconnected to 'the font and slidable in the bushing.

"136. ln a vapor lamp, a oross'bar lextending racross the upper part ofthe lamp/structure andsupported from the lower part vof the lamp structure, a burner Istructure embracing` a mixing chamber centrallylsupported'on said bar, a threaded bushing'conn'ecting said bar to the mixing chamber Iof the burner, a vaporizing tube extending through said bushing, the lower end lof the base of said hollow bushing being flared to permit tilting of the lower end ofthe vapori'z'ing tube when the latter is *otherwise unrestricted. l

17. In a vapor lamp, a font, upperand lower globe holders, the lower holder embracing a cup centrally apertured -and disposed closely adjacent t'o andsupportedon the top of the font andhaving-a lcentral raised portion, an u'pstandin'g valve'd'nipple.

having a lower reduced threaded end extending through a :nut 'ab'ovethebotto'in of the" cup and through a nut attached "to: the font'beneath andengaged with vthe V'raised rportion of said cup.

18. In a 'vapor lamp, a font, upperand lower globe holders, the lower .h'older embracing an upwardly opening cup having a raised globe supporting rim, "and centrally apertured at its bottom, 'an -up'standing 'valved nipple within the rim'of said cup having a lower, reduced, threaded extending .through a lnu#*restingvon" the'bottom ofthe cup and through a nut attached to the font beneath and engaging the bottom of said cup, the lower holder having a shallow, annular portion to rest on said font, and the latter nut vertically filling the space between the font and the bottom of said lower holder.

19. A -vapor lamp comprising a font, an annular globe support mounted centrally on the font, an upper globe holder, posts extending upwardly from said globe support a cross bar extending across the globe and supported on said posts, a burner structure supported solely on said cross bar embracing a mixing 'chamber lcentrally supported on said bar by a threaded hollow bushing, a vaporizin'g tube "connected with the font and rising centrally of the lamp structure and extending yinto said mixing chamber and loosely through said bushing, an air inletpipe entering said mixing chamber, a burner tube depending from the mixing 'chamber alongside s'aid vaporizing tube, and aflamearrest'er fixed to the vapor'izing tube between the ends' thereof.

'20.lnja vapor lamp structure, the combination of a font, a threaded Vnipple rising therefrom, a perforated globe support 'sup- Aported `on the font through which the nip- -ple extends, a deliector plate within said support and fixed to said nipple, with its margin within the perforated'area'of said globe support, a vap'orizer 'tube vconnected to said 'nipple anda burner to which'theupper end of the vaporizer tube is connected.

21. 'In a vapor'lamp structure, the combination'of a font, 'a nipple rising therefrom *havin an upper exterior screw thread, 'a globe older supported on the font through which said nipple extends, a vaporizer ftube ada-ptedjfor connection to a burner yand havling its flower Iend ltapered and yhaving an upwardly facing shoulder, a coupling 'threaded to the nipple having a shoulder to engage theshoulder of the vaporizer tube, and a downwardly Haring deflector thread- 'edto-'the Anipple below the lowestpart Vof said coupling collar.

(22. `-A top structure for a vapor lamp-comprisinga ring/like member adapted to be fitted lover the lamp globea perforated colflarther'eover interlo'cled to said ringlilre member, "said collar 4being formed at its ytop with -aninturned flange, a centrally apertured 'plate .fitted upwardly against said ALflange, 'a centrally vapertured springable canopy fitted'over the upper lendfof said collar,r and a lhollow bushing extending 'through the apertures vofthe lower plate and Ifcano'py and upset 'at its ends, respectively, 'over said'parts.

23. A topstructure for a vapor lamp comprising a ring like member adapted lto lbe fitted lover the lamp "globe, al vperfo'ratedfcollar thereover interlocked -tosaid `ringlilre said hollow bushing, and a nut threaded to said stud and bearing on the outer face of said canopy.

ln witness whereof I claim the :foregoing as my invention, I hereunto append my sig- 15 nature this 20 day of September, 1920.

FRANK L. KOHLHASE.

stud Xed thereto and extending through 10 

